Przedmiotem niniejszego opracowania jest obciążenie próbne wiaduktu 0-1 przeprawy drogowej przez rzekę Wisłę w ciągu Północnej Obwodnicy Puław. Opracowanie zawiera wyniki badań obiektu podczas próbnego obciążenia oraz analizę porównawczą i weryfikację wyników teoretycznych i wyników badań.

A topology optimization approach for designing large deformation contact-aided shape morphing compliant mechanisms is presented. Such mechanisms can be used in varying operating conditions. Design domains are described by regular hexagonal elements. Negative circular masks are employed to perform dual task, i.e., to decide material states of each element and also, to generate rigid contact surfaces. Each mask is characterized by five design variables, which are mutated by a zero-order based hill-climbing optimizer. Geometric and material nonlinearities are considered. Continuity in normals to boundaries of the candidate designs is ensured using a boundary resolution and smoothing scheme. Nonlinear mechanical equilibrium equations are solved using the Newton–Raphson method. An updated Lagrange approach in association with segment-to-segment contact method is employed for the contact formulation. Both mutual and self contact modes are permitted. Efficacy of the approach is demonstrated by designing four contact-aided shape morphing compliant mechanisms for different desired curves. Performance of the deformed profiles is verified using a commercial software. The effect of frictional contact surface on the actual profile is also studied.

Contact involving soft materials often combines dry adhesion, sliding friction, and large deformations. At the local level, these three aspects are rarely captured simultaneously, but included in the theoretical models by Mergel et al., (2019). We here develop a corresponding finite element framework that captures 3D finite-strain contact of two deformable bodies. This framework is suitable to investigate sliding friction even under tensile normal loads. First, we demonstrate the capabilities of our finite element model using both 2D and 3D test cases, which range from compliant tapes to structures with high stiffness, and include deformable–rigid and deformable–deformable contact. We then provide new results on the onset of sliding of smooth elastomer–glass interfaces, a setup that couples nonlinear material behavior, adhesion, and large frictional stresses. Our simulations not only agree well with both experimental and theoretical findings, they also provide new insights into the current debate on the shear-induced reduction of the contact area in elastomeric contact.

The article presents the results of the numerical and experimental analysis concerning wave propagation in reinforced concrete (RC) beams with various extent of debonding between the steel rod and concrete cover. The main aim of the paper was to consider the unsolved research gaps, which considerably limit the application of wave-based methods in practice. The propagation of the flexural wave modes excited and registered on the outer surface of the concrete cover in RC beams with various damage sizes were considered. The phenomenon of flexural wave propagation in a damaged beam was described theoretically and the relationship between damage size and wave velocity was proposed. Next, the theoretical predictions were examined experimentally. The research allows to observe the variability of the velocity of a wave propagating in various regions of the monitored specimen. The differences between times of flight allow to determine the localization of the debonded rod. The study indicates that the debonding size can be successfully determined if the velocities of flexural wave modes in the concrete specimen as well as in separated reinforcing rod are known.

ABSTRACT The paper presents a survey of the historic Arch-cathedral bell tower in Vilnius induced by the appearance of cracks in the structure after a new bell system installation. An attempt is undertaken to identify the reason for the crack occurrence and to check a possible crack influence on global structural behaviour. The research is based on dynamic measurements made in the tower during ambient vibrations and during vibrations caused by swinging bells. The amplitudes of the accelerations and the spectral peaks due to the ambient and excited vibrations are compared. Magnification of the first spectral peak due to bells swinging points at resonance. The root-meansquare analysis is conducted to detect the tower section most vulnerable to swinging bells. The modal curvature approach applied to the first mode shape serves as the damage indicator. The algorithm locates damage in the region of the cracks observed in the tower; thus, the cracks are considered structural. The research proves the necessity of a dynamic survey in similar cases before important decisions are undertaken regarding the replacement of the bell system.